Which event describes the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and diseases after Columbus's voyages?

The event that describes the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and diseases after Columbus's voyages is the Columbian Exchange. This term specifically refers to the significant exchange of goods, ideas, and living organisms between the New World (the Americas) and the Old World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) that began following Columbus's arrival in 1492.

The Columbian Exchange had profound effects on both sides of the Atlantic. It introduced new crops such as potatoes, tomatoes, and maize to Europe, which ultimately transformed diets and agricultural practices. Animals like horses and cattle were brought to the Americas, changing transportation and farming practices for indigenous populations. Additionally, this exchange included the tragic consequence of diseases such as smallpox being introduced to native populations in the Americas, leading to devastating mortality rates.

In contrast, the Age of Exploration refers more broadly to the period during which European powers explored and colonized various parts of the world, but it does not specifically focus on the biological and cultural exchanges that took place. The Commercial Revolution concerns the expansion of trade and commerce in Europe, particularly in the 16th to 18th centuries, but it does not encompass the range of biological exchanges described in the Columbian Exchange. The Industrial