Which movement is known for advocating social and political reforms, particularly in Europe during the 19th century?

The Revolutions of 1848 are widely recognized for advocating social and political reforms across Europe. This series of interconnected uprisings, often referred to as the "Springtime of Nations," arose from widespread discontent with the established order, driven by demands for national self-determination, democratic governance, and social rights. The revolts sought to address the grievances of various social classes, including the bourgeoisie and workers, who were eager for political representation and social justice.

During this time, many Europeans were inspired by existing liberal and socialist ideas, which played an influential role in shaping the agendas of the revolutionaries. Critics of absolutist regimes called for constitutional governments, civil liberties, and greater individual rights. Although these revolutions ultimately failed to achieve their aims in many places, they set the stage for later reforms and developments in European politics, making them a crucial part of the broader narrative of 19th-century social and political movements.

The other movements mentioned, while significant in their own contexts, do not encapsulate the same combination of social and political reform advocacy as the Revolutions of 1848.