Which philosophical movement began to influence Western thought in the 18th century?

The Enlightenment emerged as a significant philosophical movement in the 18th century that profoundly impacted Western thought. It emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority, advocating for the application of reason as a means to challenge established norms and beliefs. Thinkers such as John Locke, Voltaire, and Immanuel Kant championed ideals of liberty, equality, and scientific inquiry, laying the groundwork for modern democracy and human rights.

This era encouraged the questioning of superstitions and the role of religion in governance, promoting the notion that human beings could improve their lives and society through reason and knowledge. The Enlightenment's influence extended beyond philosophy into politics, economics, and education, shaping the development of modern Western societies. Its legacy can be seen in various revolutionary movements and the establishment of democratic systems, underscoring its importance in shaping contemporary thought and governance.